![]() Yang's solution was to load several tens of wagons with sacks of lime and mount automatic crossbows on others. 180 when Yang Xuan, Grand Protector of Lingling, attempted to suppress heavy rebel activity with badly inadequate forces. In 180 AD, Yang Xuan used a type of repeating crossbow powered by the movement of wheels: ![]() Although handheld repeating crossbows were generally weak and required additional poison, probably aconite, for lethality, much larger mounted versions appeared during the Ming dynasty. The Ming repeating crossbow uses an arming mechanism that requires its user to push a rear lever upwards and downwards back and forth. Unlike repeating crossbows of later eras, the ancient double-shot repeating crossbow uses a pistol grip and a rear-pulling mechanism for arming. This is corroborated by the earliest archaeological evidence of repeating crossbows, which was excavated from a Chu burial site at Tomb 47 at Qinjiazui, Hubei Province, and has been dated to the 4th century BC, during the Warring States Period (475 - 220 BC). Complete Classics Collection of Ancient ChinaĪccording to the Wu-Yue Chunqiu (history of the Wu-Yue War), written in the Eastern Han dynasty, the repeating crossbow was invented during the Warring States Period by a Mr. The earliest archaeological evidence of the repeating crossbow is found in the state of Chu, but it uses a pistol grip that is different from the later and more commonly known Ming dynasty design.Īlthough the repeating crossbow was in use throughout most of Chinese history until the late Qing dynasty, it was generally regarded as a non-military weapon suited for women, defending households against robbers. The repeating crossbow ( Chinese: 連弩 pinyin: Lián Nǔ), also known as the repeater crossbow, and the Zhuge crossbow ( Chinese: 諸葛弩 pinyin: Zhūgě nǔ, also romanized Chu-ko-nu) due to its association with the Three Kingdoms-era strategist Zhuge Liang (181–234 AD), is a crossbow invented during the Warring States period in China that combined the bow spanning, bolt placing, and shooting actions into one motion. ![]() 2, ride on thebrass runners.The earliest extant repeating crossbow, a double-shot repeating crossbow excavated from a tomb of the State of Chu, 4th century BC Overhangingbrass strips, which are screwed tothe guide blocks, Fig. 3.The inner rear corners of the lin-ers are rounded to a smooth curve.To assure free movement of thequarrel in firing position, it mayalso be necessary to round the in-ner corners of the brass runners.The pump slide, Fig. Care must be usedin cutting and finishing the maga-zine slot in the stock, as the maga-zine liners must be spaced accu-rately so that the quarrels dropfreely into firing position, Fig. In making the stock, it's a goodidea to copy a rifle or shotgunstock that fits you and has a gripand tang shaped to your liking.Bandsaw the wood to the roughoutline of the stock selected, thenfinish to contour with wood raspsand sandpaper. Thepurpose of the offset in the slot isto force the bowstring upward suf-ficiently to release it from thenotch in the quarrel, permittingthe latter to enter the bore in freeflight. strips or theunderside of the upper barrel topermit free passage of the bow-string through the offset slot. Care must be taken to spacethe runner strips so that the inneredges are exactly flush with theinner edges of the magazine liners.After making a trial assembly, itmay be necessary to file the slant-ing ends of the 3½-in. brassstrips soldered edgewise to them,are screwed to the lower barrel asin the center left-hand detail inFig. Then partsof both halves are cut away so thatwhen assembled there will be anoffset slot for the bowstring as inthe lower detail in Fig. ![]() Use hardwood for all partsĭepth in both halves. Stock shouldbe handmade to specifications that fit individual user in the sameway as a rifle or shotgun stock. If de-sired, you can install either open or peep sights on the barrelĪn assembly view of the two-piece barrel showing the pumpslide, brass runners, and the top barrel in position. Below, note the trim lines of the finished job. Above, this repeating crossbow is loaded just like a bolt-actionrifle, five quarrels being placed in the box magazine at oneloading.
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